ABSORPTION AND DESORPTION TO AND FROM LIQUID FILMS ON INCLINED PLANES

Two published theoretical models are examined and applied to experimental results for absorption and desorption. The system used was CO₂/H₂O and studies were made for liquid film flow down inclined planes. Experimental results give “Reduced” values of mass ransfer rates.

Interferometric studies give interfacial concentration, penetration and film depths, and take-up of carbon dioxide. In the case of desorption the interferograms are distorted by “deflections.”

All the experimental values for absorption and desorption differ from those calculated from theoretical models.

Desorption is not a mirror image of absorption, and it is approximately 75% of the transfer rate of absorption over a wide operating range.

A comparison is made of the behaviour of static pools and flowing liquid films.     

Microstructure of high modulus solid state extruded polyethylene: 2. X-ray scattering studies of 12, 24 and 36 extrusion draw ratio

The microstructure of a series of solid state extruded polyethylene fibres was examined by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering. By measuring absolute intensities using a two dimensional position sensitive detector, accurate values of the small-angle invariant for anisotropic samples were obtained. This measurement coupled with wide-angle X-ray scattering and d.s.c. permitted determination of the density of the noncrystalline component. The use of a two phase model for solid state extruded polyethylene is justified if consideration is given to the effective densities of the crystalline and noncrystalline phases, which change with deformation. The effective density of the crystalline phase decreases by 1% (0.999–0.990 g cm^?3) from the unextruded billet compared to a 36 draw ratio extrudate, while the noncrystalline phase density increases by 6% (0.84–0.89 g cm^?3). These changes lead to an overall decrease in the mean squared electron density fluctuation of 63%. The average axial crystallite length measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering increases with extrusion draw ratio while the SAXS long period decreases and weakens considerably. These observations and the electron microscopy results from the previous paper, (Polymer, 1982, 23, 1069), are fully consistent with the key features of the Peterlin model of fibre microstructure.     

Synthesis and photo-induced solution properties of new rigid-rod polyimides

A series of new, substituted pyromellitic dianhydrides were synthesized from 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene. New soluble rigid-rod polyimides were obtained from the dianhydrides and 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-biphenyl (PFMB) in phenolic solvents in the presence of isoquinoline as a catalyst. The polyimides are soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), m-cresol and other solvents, in spite of having no bending in their rigid structures.

UV irradiation changed color of the polyimide solutions and also their viscosity. We observed new absorbance in the 700-nm region and an ESR signal by UV irradiation. The new visible absorbance and the ESR signal are derived from the same origin. They are attributed to the anion radical of the diimide moiety in the polyimide as deduced from the hyper fine structure of the ESR signal. In addition, UV irradiation diminishes the solution viscosity.     

Sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling: R&;D collaboration between industry and the U.S. DOE

Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year. More than 75% of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today’s cars incorporate an increasing share of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling. For more information, contact Edward J. Daniels, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 362, Room C393, Argonne, IL 60439-4815; (630) 252-5279; fax (630) 252-1342; e-mail edaniels@anl.gov.     

Extended Reflexive Ontologies for the Generation of Clinical Recommendations

Decision recommendations are a set of alternative options for clinical decisions (e.g., diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, follow-up, and prevention) that are provided to decision makers by knowledge-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (k-CDSS) as aids. We propose to follow a “reasoning over domain” approach for the generation of decision recommendations by gathering and inferring conclusions from production rules. In order to rationalize our approach, we present a specification that will sustain the logic models supported in the knowledge bases we use for persistence. We introduce first the underlying knowledge model and then the necessary extensions that will convey toward the solution of the reported needs. The starting point of our approach is the proposition of Reflexive Ontologies (RO). Here, we go a step further, proposing an extension of RO that includes the handling and reasoning that production rules provide. Our approach speeds up the recommendation generation process.     

A noise immunity controlled quantum teleportation protocol

Quantum Information Processing - With the advent of the Internet and information and communication technology, quantum teleportation has become an important field in information security and its...     

Holistic Information Security: ISO 27001 and Due Care

“The only truly secure system is one that is powered off, cast in a block of concrete and sealed in a lead-lined room with armed guards—and even then I have my doubts.”

—Gene Spafford, Professor of Computer Science, Purdue University     

Instability of light illumination stress on amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors

Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors (TFTs) have attracted increasing attention due to their electrical performance and their potential for use in transparent and flexible devices. Because TFTs are exposed to illumination through red, green, and blue color filters, wavelength‐varied light illumination tests are required to ensure stable TFT characteristics. In this paper, the effects of different light wavelengths under both positive and negative V_GS stresses on amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O TFTs are investigated. The TFT instability that is dependent on optical and electrical stresses can be explained by the charge trapping mechanism and interface modification.     

The natural history and fisheries ecology of Lake Chilwa,southern Malawi

Lake Chilwa produces between zero and 24,000 metric tons of fish per year, making it one of the most productive but variable lakes in Africa. The size of the lake varies seasonally and among years, sometimes drying completely. Its surrounding wetland and floodplain provide habitat for a diversity of birds and economically valuable grasses and reeds. When the lake has water, there is considerable activity on its shores and temporary fishing villages spring up. People move in and out of the lake basin in concert with these seasonal and longer term changes. This paper examines the environmental dynamics of Lake Chilwa and its surrounding wetlands, presents an overview of the socio-economic context of the area and discusses threats to this resilient system that might occur as a result of climate change. We conclude that management of Lake Chilwa must place the lake in the wider economic and ecological system in which it is situated. Ultimately, land-use practices within the basin present more of a threat to the resilience of the fishery and people's livelihoods than overfishing or a strict focus on the lake's resources. These perspectives present significant challenges to conventional fisheries governance.     

IT governance for enterprise resource planning supported by the DeLone–McLean model of information systems success

I investigated the role of IT governance in driving the success of ERP projects. The tool for assessing ERP value was a comprehensive, multivariate and validated model adapted from the widely used Delone and McLean model of IS success. This showed that ERP investments were more effective in organizations having an IT governance domain consisting of proactive strategic guidance and participatory team building. Large enterprises, however, under-performed compared to SMEs and needed specific performance drivers, such as top management commitment to become effective.